July 2021
路易莎·凯瑟琳·亚当斯 describes the Fourth of July address by her husband, 国务卿约翰·昆西·亚当斯, 在给儿子的信中, 约翰·亚当斯, 过时的华盛顿, 1821年7月5. 路易莎·凯瑟琳写信给“小约翰·亚当斯”.", 然后是哈佛大学的学生, 把他和他杰出的祖父区分开来, 前总统. 她写道:
你父亲昨天的表演令人钦佩。sic] was as much general satisfaction expressed as could possibly be expected in a place where so many great interests and powerful passions are ever at work.
While John Quincy Adams’s speech has become famous —championing political rights as the source of good government but also as an admonition against foreign interventions even for humanitarian purposes—路易莎·凯瑟琳·亚当斯’s comments are almost entirely given over to her husband’s performance. She notes the surprise of many in the audience “who had taken it for granted that the apparent coldness of his character would necessarily make his oratory flat and insipid.门罗总统的第二任期才刚刚开始, prospective candidates already were maneuvering for positions in the 1824 presidential race, and Mrs. 亚当斯实际上即将成为她丈夫的“竞选经理”."
The extraordinary life of 路易莎·凯瑟琳·亚当斯 has often been overshadowed by her more famous mother-in law, 阿比盖尔·亚当斯, 而是路易莎·凯瑟琳对她丈夫公共事业的影响, 虽然非常不同, 和阿比盖尔对约翰·亚当斯事业的影响一样重要吗.
1775年生于伦敦, the daughter of Maryland merchant Joshua Johnson and Catherine Nuth Johnson, 她的生活和家庭背景仍然不为人所知, 路易莎·凯瑟琳在英国和法国长大. 1795年，她遇到了约翰·昆西·亚当斯, 一位正在伦敦访问的年轻美国外交官, and their complicated courtship—almost everything between them over more than fifty years would be “complicated”—led to their marriage in 1797.
直到1821年, their married life had been divided between overseas diplomatic postings, 包括在圣. Petersburg, and time spent at “home” (although Louisa Catherine came to America for the first time in 1801) in Quincy and Washington. In the years between his foreign assignments, John Quincy served in the U.S. 在哈佛大学教授修辞和演讲. By 1821, 他们有三个儿子，都已经到了去哈佛读书的年龄了, although Louisa Catherine had endured many additional unsuccessful pregnancies, 他们在俄罗斯生活期间失去了一个尚在襁褓中的女儿.
作为国务卿, 约翰·昆西·亚当斯(John Quincy Adams)被认为是总统职位的“下一任候选人”, although, 正如路易莎·凯瑟琳所说, 他感冒的名声, 严肃的态度使他不太可能成为候选人. 1821年初, 她是作为华盛顿社会的领军人物写的, “公众的目光已经集中在我身上了.” Her ambition was to bring that “eye” to bear upon her husband and to “manage” his path to a presidential nomination.
In 1821, John Quincy Adams had been asked to give the annual Fourth of July address in the United States Capitol. 前哈佛大学修辞学教授, Adams wore his academic gown to indicate that he was speaking as a private citizen. While he celebrated the overthrow of all governments based upon conquest, he went on to argue strongly for nonintervention in foreign conflicts: “She [America] goes not abroad in search of monsters to destroy. 她是所有人的自由和独立的祝福者. 她是她自己的捍卫者和捍卫者.”
在他演讲的过程中, 亚当斯停下来读《利记手机官网》, using as his text the official “engrossed” copy on parchment that the Continental Congress had authorized on 19 July 1776, 该副本目前在国家档案馆展出.
The recipient of 路易莎·凯瑟琳·亚当斯’s letter, her middle (and favorite?)的儿子约翰·亚当斯出生于1803年7月4日，因此她写道:
It was the anniversary of your eighteenth birthday and the mingled feelings of publick and private interest thus excited will stamp its memory with more than its wonted respect. You will I proudly hope my son live to see it celebrated many many a year and in your turn assist in adding to its festivity and joy.
这是不可能的. 1823年，约翰因行为放荡被大学开除. 他在父亲执政期间担任总统秘书, during which time he was the victim of a notorious assault in the Rotunda of the Capitol. 他曾与酗酒作斗争, illness, 以及商业失败, 1834年去世, 剩下约翰·昆西和路易莎·凯瑟琳·亚当斯, 谁已经失去了他们的大儿子, George, 被悲伤淹没, 还要照顾约翰年轻的寡妇和她的孩子.
路易莎·凯瑟琳·亚当斯以纪念诗悼念约翰的死. She lived on to bury her husband in 1848 and to create a memorable impression on a grandson, 历史学家亨利·亚当斯. 1852年，她在华盛顿去世, members of both houses of Congress adjourned their sessions to attend her funeral.
亚当斯，约翰·昆西. An Address Delivered at the Request of a Committee of the Citizens of Washington; on the Occasion of Reading the Declaration of Independence, 7月4日, 1821. 华盛顿:戴维斯和福斯出版社，1821年印刷.
约翰·昆西·亚当斯分发了他的副本 Address 在送来后的几天内. 它在报纸和其他小册子上广泛转载.
________. Oration. 1821年7月4日. 16 pp.
Corrected manuscript draft of the Fourth of July address by John Quincy Adams. There are substantial differences between the manuscript and the speech as published, not least the famous line in the peroration: “But she goes not abroad in search of monsters to destroy,，原文是, 但她的作品中没有政治上的堂吉诃德主义.”
In the Adams Papers microfilm, “John Quincy Adams—Lectures and Orations,” reel 452.
亚当斯，路易莎·凯瑟琳. 路易莎·凯瑟琳·亚当斯的日记和自传. 剑桥:哈佛大学贝尔纳普出版社，2013. Ed. 朱迪思·S. 格雷厄姆等人. 2 vols.
There is a break in 路易莎·凯瑟琳·亚当斯’s diary between 28 March and 19 July 1821, 但她出版的作品中有很多提到她儿子约翰的地方, 他们亲密的情感纽带, 以及1834年他去世后她写的纪念诗.
Allgor,凯瑟琳. 客厅政治: In Which the Ladies of Washington Help Build a City and a Government. 夏洛茨维尔:弗吉尼亚大学出版社，2000.
While 客厅政治 describes Washington women as political actors throughout the early national period, Chapter 4, 路易莎·凯瑟琳·亚当斯竞选总统,” provides context for her description of her husband’s Fourth of July oration.
比米斯，塞缪尔·弗拉格. 约翰·昆西·亚当斯和美国外交政策的基础. 纽约:Alfred A. 克诺夫出版社,1965年.
________. “A Scuffle in the Rotunda: A Footnote to the Presidency of John Quincy Adams and the History of Dueling,” 《利记手机官网》, Vol. 71(1953年10月—1957年5月)，页. 156-166.
玛杰里·赫夫伦著. 路易莎·凯瑟琳:另一位夫人. Adams. Ed. 作者:大卫·米歇尔莫尔. 纽黑文:耶鲁大学出版社，2014.
托马斯,路易莎. 路易莎:不平凡的生活夫人. Adams. 纽约:企鹅出版社，2016.
Thomas explores and documents the close relationship of 路易莎·凯瑟琳·亚当斯 with her son John and the wrenching circumstances of his death.
特劳布,詹姆斯. 约翰·昆西·亚当斯:战斗精神. 纽约:Basic Books, 2016.
Traub describes John Quincy Adams’s Fourth of July address as the “most famous words” he ever spoke. He describes the important role 路易莎·凯瑟琳·亚当斯 played in her husband’s political career.
阿瑟·惠特克. 美国和拉丁美洲的独立，1800-1830年. 纽约:诺顿出版社，1964. 1941年由约翰·霍普金斯出版社首次出版.
The author devotes a chapter (Chapter 12: “The Reply to Lexington and Edinburgh,” pp. 344-369) to John Quincy Adams’s 1821 Fourth of July address and provides references to contemporary printings of the address, 亚当斯出版后的信件, 以及公众的广泛反应, 积极的和消极的, to it.
约翰·昆西·亚当斯一家 [MHS网上合集]
This silhouette was created after John Quincy Adams left the presidency in 1829, 大约在演讲后的8年, and illustrates the key figures in this story in the form of silhouettes of John Quincy 亚当斯，路易莎·凯瑟琳 Adams, their son, 约翰·亚当斯(1803-1834)和他的妻子和女儿, 还有一位家族朋友和亚当斯的侄女.
